Paso Fino, pure from here

Dr. Enrique Castillo, MV
Articles published in the journal â € œCiencia & Hipismoâ €
Taken from engormix.com

The CRAA of a superior race horse s more each day away from being just an art into a science. In this study and the progress made in the field of genetic © tica have been essential. AA ± os researchers have given the task of determining all the elements that determine heredity. Studies have shown that the material genetic © tico located on chromosomes at the level of N º cleo the à ³ vulo and sperm are not the only ones important elements in the definition ³ n of the characters that constitute n a new individual. Scientists consider this n that some structures or substances at the cytoplasm of cells may be CA © © n also involved in the transmission of inheritance n will determine the form and function will the body of a new being.

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been one of the findings more relevant s happened in the recent history of genetic © tica. Through their study, the scientists have been able to â € € œrastrearâ the origin of human beings to their early ancestors, traveling millions of year ± os in the past. As has happened on other occasions, these advances scientists transcend and are applicable to other disciplines. In the case especÃfico industry thoroughbred race, the discovery of these genes of mitochondrial origin has become important because of the influence that they seem to have on the transmission No character is n intimately linked to â € œperformanceâ € or the ability athletic © tica. Similarly, there have been observations that have shed more s on The origins of the thoroughbred, suggesting corrections to the information No database until now unquestionable that manage records genealogical ³ demonstration (Stud Book) worldwide. Their findings also © n has been particularly important to give a support scientist to some of the theories used to establish â € œcrucesâ €, which so far habÃan enjoyed popularity only through the observation ³ n that once made algae º n enthusiastic analyst pedigrees .

The coat, the shape and size ± or body, libido, prematurity, speed, â € œstaminaâ €, The character, etc.., Are characteristics whose presence or manifestations ³ n in a horse is n governed by n the information contained in the genes. These genes will be n the pattern ³ n or mold for Executive Education of a new being, come from the material genetic © tico provided with # nucleus of the Cà © cells sex, ie ³ vulo and sperm from the mother and father respectively, after joining the fecundacià when n ³ n will rise to a new individual. In short, both parents transmit to their offspring genes specifically for help with the appearance and virtues of the new being. However, the discovery of mtDNA involves the transmission n of a material genetic © tico happens to the offspring without being subject to change and that is exclusively of maternal origin, indicating that part of the estate or certain characteristics of a living are merely the result of genetic influence maternal © tica.

N ³ Special attention has been paid to the possibility that the information contained in the mtDNA n regulate ³ n manifestations linked to certain characteristics or athletic ± desempeà © tico. However, these features do not seem to be of type Physical Fitness, is not dependent on a horse mtDNA have long legs, short neck, broad chest that is not gray horse chestnut. What has been raised is that the information contained n genetic © tica in mtDNA will determine which place will be as efficient © cellular metabolism at the level of those body systems that are responsible for a good performance or athletic ± © tico. Some mares that have been called mares than with the ability runner of his children, pass this information ³ n genetic © tica so intact to their children of both sexes and it will continue to broadcast © banks them from generation to generation n by © s their daughters. The efficiency with which muscle cells Cà © their substrate use during exercise is a good example to illustrate one of the effects that the information contained in mtDNA n may have on cellular metabolism. The acid à là CTIC is a substance that occurs after carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and at the buildup of muscles is the source of fatigue. To the extent that the horse can maintain a pace of exercise at a competitive level, being able to slow the buildup of à acid Laser Internships on the muscle, to that extent will be able to run a longer distance at higher speed without fatigue. It has been shown that mtDNA mutations, cause general conditions involving online exercise intolerance.

The duplications ³ n of females higher in the pedigree of a thoroughbred race is a mà © all breeding that goes back hundreds of year ± You are attracted to s and more s has recently been popularized by the observation ³ n de Leon Rasmussen, who for many ³ ± os year highlights the repeated apparitions ³ n of these females among the ancestors of great runners, successful stallions and mares outstanding. Observation of the n Rasmussen was so repetitive and constant that has been adopted as a Theory for planning crosses and the same has been called â € œFactor Rasmussenâ €. Although there is much that remains to be elucidated, it seems that there is a specific effect on the ability maternal line runner, given that this influence comes only by the information contained in mtDNA No, it's something to be seen She still is. Either way the â € € œinbreedingâ outstanding mares may enhance the effect or influence the maternal line brokerage has on the ability of their offspring through © s of the information contained in mtDNA n.

Contingency studies º an and much remains to be clarified however the study of mtDNA has already borne some fruit to the thoroughbred racing industry. Research derived from the tracking of mtDNA in individuals of different â € œlÃneasâ € or families that make up the race, have led to determine that there are errors in the A family tree ³ cal, which have been dragging on year ± os, but now through the development and its applications scientist ³ n industry level n can be corrected.

Dr. Castillo has year ± Added some comments to this article are very interesting and help to understand better the year º n concept of mtDNA or mitochondrial DNA ...

Comment # 1
Mitochondrial DNA is unlike that in Na º cleo CA © cells of sex and sperm vulo à ³ is transmitted intact, unchanged, from generation to generation through n © s of the mother. If at the time of ³ n fecundacià Mitochondrial DNA level this alga º n sperm plays role in the transmission of information n ³ n genetic © tica the new being, is something that is not discarded but She still needs to be investigated. Your stallion will transmit to their offspring Property Information genetic © policy that is in the DNA level N º nucleus of the sperm, the DNA will bind to the DNA found in the N º cleo the à ³ vulo to then form a new being with a full load of chromosomes that if the horse is 64, each parent brings to the new being 32. We can say that your stallion brings to the new being half of its load genetic © tica, if you see it that way, we can definitely say that only part of the information n genetic © tica originally have your stallion happen to their children. However, there is the importance of inbreeding, when you cross your stallion with mares who share your stallion superior individuals, the possibility of enhancing the genetic information © ³ n policy, good or bad, the new being increased. That is why inbreeding should be done very criterion, only top guys and maybe even better and I think s this is the prevailing tendency nowadays the linebreeding. The linebreeding Repetition is the n individuals in the ancestry of an animal after © s of the fourth generation n.

Comment # 2
Mitochondrial DNA of maternal origin is not lost or diluted the effect of the male. Mitochondrial DNA is passed through the mother © s from generation to generation, unchanged, for a long time perÃodos (the rate of mutation suggests 10,000 years or more year ± s). The same is transmitted from mother to female or male children, and the chain of transmission is through n © s of his daughters females to their sons or daughters, and Asa from generation to generation n. This is what has allowed us to study the origin of the maternal lines in the thoroughbred horse, finding some errors which have persisted in the Stud Book records until our days. When I mention the possibility that such genes as those found in mitochondrial DNA, could give algae º n support Theory of crosses (Factor Rasmussen), which until now have been based on pure Observation n, is because although There are still a lot clarified, either through © s of Mitochondrial DNA or through © s of genes linked to chromosome X (Gen to the heart large or Factor X), which does seem to be taking every day more s effect is that the No stamina transmission is strongly influenced by maternal inheritance.

Comment # 3
It is not easy and maybe s They still no answer for everything. I have been a clinic for 15 year old who just ± I love the study of pedigrees and I like to read about it. The apparitions ³ n of mitochondrial DNA is one of the concept may s most recent in the field of genetic © tica, which has been applied to horse racing, primarily because it allowed ³ study the lines mother who gave birth to the race and these studies showed Classification differences with the previous n made by Lowe.

These differences have been demonstrated, as indeed it was suspected that there are errors in the records that level Stud Book habÃan been swept away by year ± os. But the discovery of mitochondrial DNA comes also © n ³ important because the information contained in these genes n was associated with the performance and such information ³ n provenÃa exclusively from the mother. However, studies contingent º an and it is possible that the DNA in sperm mitochondria also at © n to influence in any way in these characteristics that affect performance. But inheritance and Executive Education of a new being depends not only on mitochondrial DNA. The N º cleo of CA © cells sex (Ã ³ vulo and sperm), this the chromosomal DNA, which allows both the stallion and the mare provide information ³ n genetic © policy for Executive Education of a new foal.

I like several of those who have participated in the Forum Index I have no exact answer as transmit the information n contained in mitochondrial DNA, or genes linked to the X chromosome as the gene for the heart big, but I think somehow give support to the presence of females in the pedigree above.

I'll give an example, one of the nick more s success today is the nickname Mr. Prospector - Seattle Slew, but that chance that that nickname implies also © n an inbreeding or Repetition from family 13C, meaning that both horses if we keep track of your maternal line some point you the names in the maternal line to start again. Seattle Slew My Charmer mother and mother of Mr. Gold Digger Prospector progeny of Myrtlewood, which means that from there to the lines atra s mother in both stallions are equal.