Paso Fino, pure here

Dr. Enrique Castillo, MV
Article published in the journal â € œCiencia & Hipismoâ €
Taken engormix.com

The husbandry of a superior race horse s more each day away from being just an art into a science. In this, the study and the progress made in the field of genetic © tica have been essential. By year ± os researchers have given the task of identifying all those elements that determine heredity. Studies have shown that the material Genetic © tico located on chromosomes at the kernel of à ³ vulo and sperm are not the only ones important elements in the definition of the characters which will be n a new individual. N The scientists are considering that some level structures or substances to the cytoplasm of the cà © cells may be involved also © n in the transmittal of the inheritance shall when deciding the form and function n the body of a new being.

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been one of the findings most relevant s occurred in the recent history of the genetic © tica. Through their study, the scientists have been able to â € œrastrearâ € the origin of human beings to their early ancestors, traveling millions of year in the past ± os. As has happened in the past, these advances scientists transcend and apply to other disciplines. In the specific case of the industry of thoroughbred racing the discovery of the genes of mitochondrial origin has become important because of the influence that they seem to have on the transmittal of characters that is n intimately linked to the â € œperformanceâ € or capacity athletic © tica. Similarly, there have been important points that have been allowed to know more s on the origins of the thoroughbred, suggesting corrections to the information or database until now unquestionable that manage records genealogy the wellness (Stud Book) worldwide. Their findings also © n has been particularly important to give a support scientist at some of the theories used to establish â € œcrucesâ €, which until now habÃan been popular only through the observation n which in turn made algae º n enthusiastic analyst pedigrees .

The coat, the shape and size ± or body, libido, earliness, speed, â € œstaminaâ €, character, etc., Are features whose presence or manifestations ³ n on a horse is n governed by The information contained in genes. These genes which will be n the pattern ³ n or mold for the formation n of a new being, come from the material Genetic © tico provided by the kernel of the cà © cells sex, ie à ³ vulo and sperm from the mother and father respectively, after joining at the time of fertilization and n ³ n give rise to a new individual. In short, both parents pass on to their offspring genes specifically to contribute to the appearance and virtues of the new being. However, the discovery of mtDNA involves the transmittal of a material Genetic © tico happens to the offspring without being subject to change and that is exclusively of maternal origin, indicating that part of the inheritance or certain characteristics of a living being are merely the result of genetic influence maternal © tica.

N Special attention has been on the possibility that the information that it contains regulates mtDNA ³ n manifestations linked to certain features or athletic he served ± © tico. However, these features do not appear to be of type physical training, ie mtDNA is not dependent on a horse has long legs, short neck, broad chest, which is not dappled sorrel. What has been raised is that the genetic information © tica n contained in the mtDNA determines which will be © as efficient cellular metabolism at the level of those body systems that are responsible for a good performance ± or athletic © tico. Some mares that have been called mares higher thanks to the ability runner of their children, pass this information n Genetic © tica so intact to their children of both sexes and the same continue forwarded © NDOS from generation to generation through © s of their daughters. The efficiency with which muscle cells cà © their substrate use during exercise is a good example to illustrate one effect that the information contained in the mtDNA may have on cellular metabolism. The acid à là CTIC is a substance that occurs after carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and its buildup level n Muscles is the origin of the fatigue of it. To the extent that the horse can maintain a rate of exercise at a competitive level, being able to delay the accumulation of à acid là ctico on the muscle, in the same measure will be able to run a longer distance at higher speed without fatigue. It has been shown that mutations of mtDNA, causing general conditions in line involving exercise intolerance.

The duplications ³ n of females higher in the pedigree of a thoroughbred racing is a mà © all breeding that goes back hundreds of year ± draws you sy that more s has recently been popularized by the observation ³ n de Leon Rasmussen, who for many ³ ± os year highlights the repeated occurrence ³ n these females among the ancestors of great runners, successful stallions and mares outstanding. N the observation of repetitive and Rasmussen was so constant that has been adopted as a Theory for planning crosses and the same has been called â € œFactor Rasmussenâ €. Although much remains to be elucidated, it seems that there is a specific effect on the maternal line brokerage capacity, given that this influence comes solely by the information contained in the mtDNA, it's who still remain to be proven. Anyway â € € œinbreedingâ outstanding mares could enhance the effect or influence the maternal line broker has on the ability of their offspring through © s of the information contained in the mtDNA.

An eighth contingent studies, and much remains to be clarified, however, the study of mtDNA has already taken off in the thoroughbred racing industry. Research resulting from the tracking of mtDNA in individuals of different â € œlÃneasâ € or families that make up the race, has been determined that there are bugs in trees genealogy ³ developments, which have been dragging by year ± os, but now through the development scientist and their application to industry level n will be corrected.

Dr. Castillo has year ± added some comments to this article are very interesting year and help to understand better the concept º n mtDNA or mitochondrial DNA ...

Comment # 1
Mitochondrial DNA is unlike that in the kernel of the sex cells cà ©, à ³ vulo and sperm, is transferred intact, unchanged, from generation to generation through n © s of the mother. If at the time of fertilization and Mitochondrial DNA ³ n this level of sperm algae º n play role in the transmittal of genetic information © tica n the new being, is something we're still not be ruled out but needs to be investigated. Your stallion be transmitted to offspring information n Genetic © tica that DNA-level kernel of the sperm, the DNA will bind to DNA found in the kernel of à ³ vulo to then form a new being with a full load of chromosomes that if the horse is 64, each parent brings to the new being 32. We can say that your stallion brings to the new being half of its cargo Genetic © tica, if you look at it that way, we can say definitely just part of the information n Genetic © tica originally got your stallion to pass to their children. However, There is the importance of inbreeding, when you cross your stallion with mares who share your stallion superior individuals, the possibility of strengthening the No genetic information © tica, good or bad, the new being rises. This is why inbreeding should be done with great discretion, only superior individuals and perhaps s even better and I think that's the trend that prevails today the line breeding. The linebreeding n is the repetition of individuals in the ancestry of an animal after © s of the fourth generation n.

Comment # 2
Mitochondrial DNA of maternal origin is not lost or diluted the effect of the male. Mitochondrial DNA passes through the mother © s from generation to generation, unaltered, for a long period of time (the rate of mutations suggests ³ n ± os 10 000 or more year s). The same is passed from mother to female or male children, and the chain of transmission is through n © s of his daughters females to their sons or daughters, as well from generation to generation n. This is what has allowed us to study the origin of the maternal lines in the thoroughbred horse, finding some errors which have persisted in the Stud Book records to the present days. When I mention the possibility that such genes as those found in mitochondrial DNA, could give algae º n support Teora Cross (Factor Rasmussen), which so far have been based on pure observations ³ n, is because although're still there is much clarified, either through © s of Mitochondrial DNA or through © s of genes linked to the X chromosome (gene for heart size or Factor X), so if it seems to go by taking each day more s effect is that transmittal of stamina is highly influenced by maternal inheritance.

Comment # 3
It is not easy and maybe s're still no answers for everything. I have been a 15-year clinic ± os simply I love the study of pedigrees and I enjoy reading about it. The appearance No mitochondrial DNA is one of the concepts maybe s latest in the field of genetic © tica, which has been applied to horse racing, first because it allowed ³ studying the lines mother who gave birth to the race and these studies showed differences with the previous classification made by Lowe No.

These differences have shown, as indeed it was suspected that errors in the records at the Stud Book which was dragged by year habÃan ± os. But the discovery of mitochondrial DNA also © n ³ copper importance because the information contained in these genes was associated with the performance and provenÃa No such information exclusively from the mother. However, studies an eighth contingent and it is possible that the DNA in the mitochondria at the level of sperm © n can also otherwise influence in these characteristics that affect performance. But the heritage and the formation of a new child n depends not only mitochondrial DNA. The kernel of the cà © cells sex (à ³ vulo and sperm), is the chromosomal DNA, which allows both the stallion and the mare provide information n Genetic © tica for the formation n of a new foal.

I like several of those who have participated in the discus ³ n I have not the exact answer of how to transmit the information contained in mitochondrial DNA, or genes linked to chromosome X, as is the gene for the heart of great, but I think somehow give support to the presence of females in the pedigree above.

I'll give you an example, one of the nick more s current success is the nickname Mr. Prospector - Seattle Slew, but by chance that this nickname implies also © n an inbreeding or repetition n family 13C, ie both horses if we keep track of your maternal line in some point the names in the maternal line to start again. Seattle Slew My Charmer mother and Gold Digger mother of Mr. Prospector direct descendants of Myrtlewood, which means that reverse direction over there s the maternal lines in both stallions are equal.