Paso Fino, pure from here

Gonzalo N. Reyes R
Taken from www.registrodepadrillos.cl

The theories related to the breeding of horse racing, seeking to raise the â € œmejor of mejoresâ €, from the utilization ³ n early inbreeding, through the numbers of families of Bruce Lowe (published 1895), The Theory of the dosage of Jean-Joseph Vuillier (published 1927), the dosage of Italian Francesco Varol (published 1974), the dosage of Steve Roman (1980) and the utilization ³ n of the â € œnicksâ € in the pedigrees tabulated, have an element more s of study and fascination n by the scholars and the SOA ± adores the perfect horse. The X factor, or more s especÃficamente, the X chromosome, which will be addressed in this article.

The case of the great Secretariat
Secretariat is considered by some as the best rider in the history of American hÃpica. The chestnut son of Bold Ruler n was born in 1970, He won 16 of the 21 races in which it participates ³. It is one of 11 U.S. triplecoronados, winning the 3 year ± os Kentucky Derby, the Preakness and the Belmont Stakes. 2 year was better in 1972 ± os and Horse of the Year in 1972 ± o and 73, plus the champion s n in the same year Pasto ± o. Was withdrawn by an injury n and taken to foster high expectations for successful Reproduction.

When he died in 1989, Sixteen © is year ± os Next © s of becoming champion n, large Revelation n was what was found ³ during his autopsy, poseÃa a heart of 9.988 kilos, offset by the 3.8 kilos on average has the thoroughbred race.

In 1932, when he died the great Australian horse Phar Lap (Night Raid and entreaty by Winkie), the 6.3 kilos the heart of this champion was more n s largest known until the death of Secretariat. From Phar Lap, Australians established HIPAA ³ thesis that the size ± or heart n poseÃa some type of Relationship with the ability to broker horses, which caused ³ geneticists horses and students of pedigree to try to establish which those specimens, which have Relationship with horses that have been proven â € œgen Grandee of the heart € n may have a greater potential broker or greater value in the reproduction n. These studies have led to fascinating conclusions, which we will not go without the necessary path of the principles of ba Sicos genetic transmission n © tica.

Genes
Genes are large complex molecules Mullah © DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid Ã) involved in various functions for CAs © cells. While some involved in the Manufacturing of proteins, other control information of Biological cal systems, for example.

Are inherited from father to son for over hundreds of generations without undergoing changes, as the resulting differences in each individual, is achieved by the combination of these genetic units © policies.

CA © All cells of an individual contain the same genes. However, in different organs, some genes do not act º while in others an sa. For example, genes that regulate the production of bone ³ n, is n € â € œapagadosâ functionally in cells of the liver CA ©.

In horses, the DNA is located on chromosome 64 is n in each nucleus of each na No. CA © cell. In general, the genetic difference between two horses © policy is minimal. Although genetic © ticos principles discovered by the Austrian monk Mendel refer ba primarily in the behavior of these nuclear chromosomes, genes also exist in certain structures © n n º cleo outside of CA © cells. These are called mitochondria, responsible Protagoras process-mails n Transformation of Energy within the CA © cells. These genes have a ³ n heritability patterns different from Mendelian genetic © nuclear policy.

The cells are comfortable © n © banks them permanently divided by © s of the process called mitosis. However, CA © cells responsible for reproduction of the species differ from the too s Cà © cells of the body in that à © stas are divided by a process called meiosis, generated in the organs sex, creating sperm in à ³ male and ova in females. Sa ³ These elements contain half the chromosomes of a CA © lula body, ie the s ³ 32 chromosomes found in each reproductive CA © lula.

The sex of a foal is determined by the genetic contributions ³ n © tica that comes from the father and mother. No other genetic © tica feature will be known that SA ³ I come from the father. The set of chromosomes, called a karyotype, no difference between a female and one male, except for the sex chromosome called. The sex chromosome in the male has different parts, while the sex chromosomes in females not too unlike s. The sex chromosome in males has been called XY, while the female is called XX and each X is similar to the X sex chromosome in males. When these chromosomes are divided into male, 50% of each CA © lula reproductive or sperm contains a Y chromosome and one X chromosome 50% While females ³ Ã vulo each carrying a sex chromosome X. Thus, when a sperm joins an ³ Ã vulo, the product will be male. When a sperm containing an X chromosome is attached to a ³ Ã vulo containing another X, the product will be a female.

The implications of this are that a female will have sex in an X chromosome from the father and one from the mother. A male will have the s ³ a X from the mother and in return will receive a Y from the father. This part of the chromosome, ie, Y contains fewer genetic material © tico than X.

One hundred-graphic Studies
HIPAA established Australians ³ thesis that genes that influence the size or heart ± n, were linked to sex with the most influence from mothers.

Dr. Gus Cotharn, a geneticist at the University of Kentucky, said ³ that if the gene of the heart large n was linked to sex as creÃan Australians, then this gene shall have to come from a single source, possibly through © s of a mutation on the X chromosome from the female line.

Since the discovery of the huge heart of Secretariat, Marianna Haun began ³ to investigate the source in heart big and it found that bean an English mare, born in 1837, named Pocahontas (Glencoe and Marpessa by Muley), which parecÃa come this gene, which passed from father to daughter, from daughter to daughter or son, and daughter to granddaughter and a grandson or granddaughter. That is, precisely seguÃa © tica Mendelian genetic transmission of the X chromosome No sex-linked. At the same time bean Pocahontas inherited the gene through © s of the daughters of the horse Eclipse.

It is amazing that Colonel Vuillier, to establish the system of Chefs de Race, had made the observation ³ n in the late nineteenth century, which has a mare with unusual frequency aparecÃa in almost all pedigrees of race winners clà SICAS used to choose the Chefs Race. This mare is referred Pocahontas.

At present day, has been established with absolute clarity that there is a high correlation ³ n between a good performance ± or a racehorse and the size ± or her heart No, a fact which can be determined by ultrasound or electrocardiogram (all described in the book â € OETH Factor X, What it is and how to find itâ €, Marianna Haun).

³ It also established a scheme © No scores or score, to relate the size of the heart ± o n. Horses with normal sized ± o in heart, ranging from a score of 104 and 116. Females exhibit a higher score to 117, are considered ± sized or large. Males that exhibit a score of 120 or more s, are considered large in heart.

Dr. Fregin, Cardio ³ horse logo, along with Dr. Cotharn and Dr. Haun, have measured more than 1000 s horses, being able to establish that the X factor is 100% consistent, ie, they have not found a horse No big heart that has no ancestor with the same characteristics. S In addition, once identified individuals that possess this gene in the pedigree, it has been observed that à © ste has been inherited, just following the laws established by Mendel and functionality: a gene located on chromosome X, either one male or one of the two female X, or in some cases in each of the two X's mother, Marianna Haun so called â € œDouble Copy Mare €.

The example of tracery Internships
Tracery was the obsession Federico Tesio n as to genotype.

Tracery's mother, topiaries, may have inherited the gene for large n vaa heart Anga plaisanteries © lica or AAV as ³ à © sta inherited with absolute certainty the X chromosome of Araucaria, a daughter of Pocahontas. Tracery also contains other s ancestors from Pocahontas, as is the case of St. Simon, Chattanooga, the father of Wellingtonia, Sandal, Roquebrune (possibly a mare € â € œDouble Copy, etc.). With what Pocahontas appears nine times in his pedigree, but not all genetic © tico this material has the ability to run in families. The student of pedigrees, you can expand it and see where it is located n the other sources of Pocahontas and whether à © stas may have been inherited or not. In doing so, you can fully understand the transmission of genetic © No policy of large n heart.